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Video about What is the coronavirus

Coronaviruses are a collection of viruses that motive illnesses in mammals and birds. In humans, the viruses cause respiratory infections that are typically moderate along with the commonplace cold however rarer paperwork like SARS and MERS may be lethal. In cows and pigs, they may purpose diarrhea, whilst in chickens, they can motive an upper respiration disease. There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs that are accredited for prevention or treatment.

Coronaviruses are viruses in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae inside the family Coronaviridae, in the order Nidovirales. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-feel single-stranded RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genomic length of coronaviruses levels from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, the most important for an RNA virus.

The name "coronavirus" is derived from the Latin corona, meaning crown or halo, which refers to the feature look of the virus particles (virions): they have got a fringe paying homage to a royal crown or of the solar corona.

Coronaviruses have been located within the 1960s; the earliest ones discovered have been infectious bronchitis virus in chickens and two viruses from the nasal cavities of human patients with the commonplace cold that had been ultimately named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43.[7] Other contributors of this own family have considering that been identified, inclusive of SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and 2019-nCoV in 2019; most of these have been worried in extreme breathing tract infections.

The name "coronavirus" is derived from the Latin corona and the Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, "garland, wreath"), meaning crown or halo. This refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective shape of the virus) by way of electron microscopy, which has a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image harking back to a royal crown or of the solar corona. This morphology is created by using the viral spike (S) peplomers, which are proteins that populate the floor of the virus and determine host tropism.

Proteins that make a contribution to the general structure of all coronaviruses are the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N). In the specific case of the SARS coronavirus (see below), a defined receptor-binding domain on S mediates the attachment of the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Some coronaviruses (especially the individuals of Betacoronavirus subgroup A) even have a shorter spike-like protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE).